Rice productivity and food security in India: a study of the system of rice intensification

Table of contents

1.Introduction
1.1.Introduction
1.2.Major Objectives of the Study
1.3.Study Area, Data Collection and Methodology
1.4.Scope of the Study
1.5.Chapter Scheme
2.An Overview of Rice Economy
2.1.Introduction
2.2.Asian Rice Scenario
2.3.Rice Scenario in India
2.4.Area, Production and Yield of Rice
-Selected States
2.5.District-Wise Profiles
2.6.Conclusion
3.The Need for Sustainable Rice Cultivation Practices
3.1.Introduction
3.2.Rice Production Technologies
3.2.1.Adoption and Impact of Improved Germplasm
3.2.2.Adoption of Natural Resource Management Practices
3.3.The Need for Sustainable Practices
3.4.The Need for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices
-System of Crop Intensification (SCI)
3.5.The Case of SRI
4.The System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
4.1.Introduction
4.2.System of Crop Intensification
-Wider Application of SRI Principles
Contents note continued: 4.3.Pros and Cons of SRI
4.4.International Experience of SRI
4.5.SRI in India
4.6.Farmers' Experience of SRI in Karnataka
4.7.Farmers Experience of SRI in Madhya Pradesh
4.8.Farmers Experience of SRI in Orissa
4.9.Gender Implications of SRI
4.10.Key Actors and the Role of Institutions in the Spread of SRI
4.11.Conclusion
5.National Food Security Mission and SRI
5.1.Introduction
5.2.NFSM-Rice Interventions
5.3.NFSM-SRI Interventions
5.4.Impact of NFSM on Rice
5.5.NFSM in Karnataka
5.6.NFSM in Madhya Pradesh
5.7.NFSM in Orissa
6.An Overview of SRI Adoption and Socio-economic Profile of the Households
6.1.Introduction
6.2.An Overview of SRI Adoption in the Selected Study Areas
6.3.Socio-economic Profile
-An Overview
6.4.Socio-economic Profile
-District-Wise
6.5.Economics of SRI Adoption
-Rice Yield, Household Farm Income and Cost of Cultivation
Contents note continued: 6.6.Adoption of SRI
-Rice Varieties in the Study Region
6.7.Conclusion
7.Depth and Intensity of SRI Adoption
7.1.Introduction
7.2.Conceptual Framework
7.3.Model Specification
7.3.1.Description of Variables
7.4.Estimation Results and Discussion
7.4.1.Descriptive Statistics
7.4.2.Status and Intensity of SRI Adoption (in Terms of Acres of Land Under SRI)
7.4.3.Access to Effective Information and the Intensity of Adoption (in Terms of Acres of Land Under SRI)
7.4.4.Status and Depth of SRI Adoption (in Terms of the Number of SRI Practices)
7.4.5.Access to Effective Information and the Depth of Adoption (in Terms of Number of Practices)
7.5.Conclusion
Appendix
8.Adoption of Multiple SRI Practices
8.1.Introduction
8.2.Conceptual and Econometric Framework
8.2.1.Multivariate Probit Model
8.2.2.Ordered Probit Model
8.3.Descriptive Statistics: Description of Dependant and Explanatory Variables
Contents note continued: 8.3.1.The Dependent Variables
8.3.2.Explanatory Variables
8.4.Results and Discussion
8.4.1.Young Seedling
8.4.2.Shallow Planting
8.4.3.Single Seedling at a Wider Space
8.4.4.Use of Organics
8.4.5.Use of Cono-Weeder
8.4.6.Water Management
-Wetting and Drying
8.5.Conclusion
9.Impact of SRI Adoption on Rice Yield and Household Income
9.1.Introduction
9.2.Conceptual and Econometric Framework
9.3.Description of Variables and Hypothesis
9.4.Estimation Results and Discussion
9.4.1.Descriptive Statistics
9.4.2.Factors Influencing the Adoption of SRI
9.4.3.Average Treatment Effects of Single and Different Combinations of SRI
9.5.Conclusion
10.Conclusion and Policy Implications

This book contributes to the adoption of agricultural technology in general and to the literature on the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in particular by identifying the factors that influence the decision to adopt SRI and examining SRI’s impact on household income and yield. The study also discusses the importance of SRI in achieving higher rice productivity and food security. Conducted on behalf of the Government of India’s Ministry of Agriculture from October 2014 to March 2016, the study collected detailed and extensive household-level data.
As the second-largest producer and consumer, India play an important role in the global rice economy. Food security in India has been traditionally defined as having a sufficient supply of rice at an affordable price. However, in recent years rice cultivation in India has suffered from several interrelated problems. Increased yields achieved during the green revolution period and with the help of input-intensive methods involving high water and fertilizer use are now showing signs of stagnation and concomitant environmental problems due to salinization and waterlogging of fields. Water resources are also limited; as such, water for irrigation must contend with increasing industrial and urban needs.
As a result of all these factors, rice farmers have experienced a downturn in productivity growth. Since increasing the area of rice cultivation is not feasible, the additional production has to be achieved using less land, less water, and fewer additional inputs. The new intensification methods for rice cultivation known as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), which originated in Madagascar, offer a promising systemic approach to enhancing rice production at affordable costs by simultaneously reducing input requirements and causing less harm to the environment. The SRI approach is expected to enhance yield and substantially reduce water and other input requirements by altering plant, soil, water, and nutrient management practices. With SRI taking firm root in India, the book examines and analyses the adoption and the economic impact of SRI in three major rice-producing States of India: Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Orissa.

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